Factors contributing to Pilonidal Sinus formation include:

• Loose or broken hair penetrating the skin, leading to irritation and infection.
• Prolonged sitting, which exerts pressure on the tailbone, increasing the likelihood of hair insertion.
• Friction from clothing that pushes hair deeper into the skin.
• Poor hygiene, obesity, excessive sweating, and a sedentary lifestyle.
• Family history or congenital predisposition in some cases.

How It Develops

Pilonidal Sinus is more commonly seen in hairy individuals. When sitting for extended periods, broken hairs collect in the cleft of the buttocks. These hairs gradually penetrate the skin or enter the sweat gland opening, leading to sinus formation. Over time, more hairs get trapped in the sinus, forming a tuft. If an infection occurs, the area becomes swollen, painful, and filled with pus. This infection can lead to an abscess or the development of multiple sinus tracts.

Symptoms of Pilonidal Sinus

A Pilonidal cyst may remain asymptomatic unless infected. When infected, symptoms include:

• A small dimple or a large painful lump near the tailbone.
• Pits or small openings in the skin, often plugged with hair.
• Redness, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area.
• Foul-smelling pus or bloody discharge.
• Fever in severe infections.

Diagnosis

A doctor can diagnose Pilonidal Sinus through physical examination based on its location and appearance. Additional tests may be needed if complications arise.

Prevention & Care

To prevent infection and recurrence:

• Maintain hygiene by keeping the area clean and dry.
• Remove hair from the affected area using safe hair removal techniques.
• Avoid prolonged sitting and use a cushion to relieve tailbone pressure.
• Wear loose clothing to reduce friction.
• If discharge is present, keep a cotton pad over the opening to prevent soiling of clothes.

Early diagnosis and proper management can prevent complications and promote faster healing. If symptoms persist, consult a specialist for appropriate treatment.